Why are narcotics legal in some countries?

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hi! i'm sure you have heard that there are countries in this world that legalize some drugs. and i just couldn't understand why, when most of the other countries fight to eliminate these prohibited drugs, these countries legalize them. cannabis sativa (marijuana) is legalized in some parts of the world. however, here in my country, they are illegal. you could get a life imprisonment if you are found in possession of a large amount. i just couldn't understand what has come into the minds of their lawmakers that they allowed such things to be legalized. is it safe to assume that even if you plant these things in your garden, you won't be arrested in that part of the world? can you just bring it along anywhere, just like the way you bring a cigarette? what has happened to our society today? can anybody please enlighten me? thank you!