SEO back link techniques?

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Hi, I am still new to this SEO thing. I have search a few discussion about SEO here in myLOT and have learn a lot from it. I am currently writing articles and using catch keywords in it to make sure search engines such as google picks it up. The problem i am having are the technique called back linking. What does back-linking means? I have a blog about food, so if i put links(in my blog) to another blog about food does that consider as back-linking? And my other question is; Is affiliate and back-linking the same thing? Thank you in advance.