The Safe Of Lithium batteries
@kingwellannie (11)
Los Angeles, California
May 13, 2014 3:09am CST
The lithium-ion battery is a fact of modern life. Cellphones, laptops, cameras, tablets, and many other items take advantage of this convenience. Even so, we still read news articles about batteries of this type of battery exploding, catching fire, or otherwise causing concern.
These systems are different from all of the previously mentioned batteries, in that no water is used in the electrolyte. They use a non-aqueous electrolyte instead, which is composed of organic liquids and salts of lithium to provide ionic conductivity. This system has much higher cell voltages than the aqueous electrolyte systems. Without water, the evolution of hydrogen and oxygen gases is eliminated and cells can operate with much wider potentials. They also require a more complex assembly, as it must be done in a nearly perfectly dry atmosphere.
A number of non-rechargeable batteries were first developed with lithium metal as the anode. Commercial coin cells used for today's watch batteries are mostly a lithium chemistry. These systems use a variety of cathode systems that are safe enough for consumer use. The cathodes are made of various materials, such as carbon monoflouride, copper oxide, or vanadium pentoxide. All solid cathode systems are limited in the discharge rate they will support.
To obtain a higher discharge rate, liquid cathode systems were developed. The electrolyte is reactive in these designs and reacts at the porous cathode, which provides catalytic sites and electrical current collection. Several examples of these systems include lithium-thionyl chloride and lithium-sulfur dioxide. These batteries are used in space and for military applications, as well as for emergency beacons on the ground. They are generally not available to the public because they are less safe than the solid cathode systems.
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