ice formation.

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Any mass of ice that occurs on the Earth's continents or surface waters. Such masses form wherever substantial amounts of liquid water freeze and remain in the solid state for some period of time. Examples include glaciers, icebergs, sea ice, and ground ice associated with permafrost. Sociology…..Scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of ice on landmasses. Antifreeze….- Any substance that lowers the freezing point of water, protecting a system from the ill effects of ice formation. Chemical hydrology….Subdivision of hydrology that deals with the chemical characteristics of the water on and beneath the surface of the Earth. Freezing point….Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. Kelp…Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. Ice in lakes and rivers…The nature of the ice formations may be as simple as a floating layer that gradually thickens, or it may be extremely complex, particularly when the water is fast-flowing. Ice cave…cavity in ice or an underground cave that has permanent ice deposits. The two types of ice cave are wholly unrelated. Ice shelf….cavity in ice or an underground cave that has permanent ice deposits. The two types of ice cave are wholly unrelated.