do dogs understand conversations

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i have a wonderful dog. he is my friend and security gaurd. he eats too much food. though i only feed him once a day but the feed is massive. my problem is that anytime he commits an offence like eating peoples shoes, and i say to my wife that i am going to beat the dog. the next momenth he goes to a hiding place . most time he will not come out until late in the night. i start to wonder does he understand my words.